Shear modulus of copper Find the shear modulus values for common materials in both SI (GPa) and US customary (psi) units using our sortable table. 001) mm and a length of l = (1. Bone, copper, aluminum D. 5 GPa at 0 K and decreases with increasing temperature, and performs insensitivity to the size of shear model and shear direction. ” Journal of Materials Science 35 (2000) 381-386 . 83x10 10 N/m 2, and of glass 2. Figure 8 shows the calculated shear modulus normalized with the shear modulus at zero pressure. Applications include architectural uses, coinage, condenser/heat exchangers, plumbing, radiator cores, musical instruments, locks, fasteners, hinges, ammunition components, and electrical Access Denied to View Materials Your IP Address has been restricted due to excessive use. May 1, 2014 · Shear modulus obtained from the slop of shear stress–shear strain curves is on the level of 40. 5 Irradiation Effects in Copper and Copper Alloys 675 copper-silicon alloy : astm: b98/b98m: copper-silicon alloy rod, bar and shapes: copper-silicon alloy : asme: sb98: copper-silicon alloy rod, bar and shapes: screws: astm: f468: nonferrous bolts, hex cap screws, and studs for general use: seamless pipe and tube: astm: b315: seamless copper alloy pipe and tube: asme: sb315: copper-silicon alloy Apr 1, 2020 · Shear modulus and electrical resistivity of copper graphite composites with different volume concentration of randomly oriented transversely-isotropic graphite flakes have been measured using torsion mechanical testing machine and four probe method, respectively. The potential for quality, durability and performance of materials are valuable to the structural designer who may want to consider a variety of different materials for a design. In both materials, ECAP significantly decreases the shear modulus. 4 Fatigue and Creep–Fatigue 674 4. C. 5×1010 N/m2. Find out its mechanical properties, such as modulus of elasticity, strength, hardness, and crystal structure. In this study, a new temperature-dependent elastic modulus model without phenomenological fitting parameters for metallic bulk materials is developed. G. 2 107 15. Phys. Overview. 42 MPa, respectively, while those of the treated lumber were 9. May 30, 2020 · The properties of C18200 copper include four common variations. For many materials, Young’s Modulus is the same when the material is under tension and compression. Mechanical Properties. Bone, aluminum, copper C. 5 to 7 x 10 6 lb. May 30, 2020 · Shear Modulus. 08GPa and 231. Types of Copper and Properties. 61 Å [14. Wet etching method. Steinberg, S. Guinan, J. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare H04 C10100 copper to: wrought coppers (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). I calculated the Shear modulus of steel and copper. 6. 9 x 10 6 psi. (24), are given in Fig. It exists in solids only. 9 X106 psi. Copper's second-order elastic constants (SOEC) were ASM Specialty Handbook: Copper and Copper Alloys (2001) Piezoresistivity. 7–8 GPa. 0 6. It has the lowest strength and highest ductility compared to the other variants of C14500 copper. The average E sf and G LR of the untreated lumber were 11. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare H02 C11000 copper to: wrought coppers (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). J. A qualitative relation that appears to exist between changes in electrical resistivity and shear modulus during cyclic stressing is discussed. (26. 4(b). Oct 15, 2024 · With a pre-shear strain γ=0. 00033 per °C A single crystal of copper yields under a shear stress of about 0. Mar 23, 2023 · Values of shear modulus can also be expressed in units of psi, but the values then need to be given in scientific notation due to their size. 3 Physical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys 671 4. The experimental data [11] [12] are shown with colored symbols. 2 GPa Grade Count:2458 Shear Strength, Average value: 235 MPa Grade Count:1042 Izod Impact, Average value: 32. yielding). 1) is constructed with a copper wire with a radius of r = (0. The torsion wire must be fixed to the stand material (not visible in Fig. 2 x 10^10 N/m^2) cube, 0. Download scientific diagram | Temperature evolution of shear modulus G: (a) aluminum, (b) copper, (c) nickel, and (d) titanium. 4 Mechanical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys 671 4. 7. The problem may be compounded when an IP address may be shared by many people in a company or through an internet service provider. inch: Temperature coefficient of elastic modulus. A few theoretical numbers are included. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare C17200 copper to: wrought coppers (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire database Shear Strength (ksi) Modulus of Elasticity in Tension ksi: 14000 Modulus of WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS: ASTM: B16/B16M: Shear modulus and electrical resistivity of copper graphite composites with different volume concentration of randomly oriented transversely-isotropic graphite flakes have been measured using torsion mechanical testing machine and four probe method, Shear strength, Tensile strength Material: G [GPa] The maximum shear stress of ductile materials (steels) is usually taken τ = 0. Download scientific diagram | Shear modulus of copper from publication: Periodic three-dimensional mesh generation for crystalline aggregates based on Voronoi tessellations | In this paper a Jul 11, 2018 · Subsequent extraction of shear modulus G and internal friction Q G − 1 for the copper specimen itself requires the conduct of a parallel series of experiments on a “reference assembly” in which the copper specimen is replaced by a control specimen of single-crystal sapphire (of the same dimension), for which the temperature-dependence of An estimate of the value for copper can be made from experimental shear modulus data 59,60 as shown in Fig. Why shear modulus of liquids is zero? Because liquids cannot withstand shearing stress, their shear modulus is zero. You can select the material from the list, or you can enter the shear modulus and density for copper, which are 45 GPa and 8,940 kg/m³, respectively. Shear Modulus, 106 psi (2%) 102 Shear modulus of copper as a function of temperature. Simulation results also indicate that the EAM potential is adequate to describe the shear behaviors of single copper bus bar, rod and shapes and general purpose rod, bar and shapes: die: forgings: astm: b283/b283m: copper and copper alloy die forgings (hot pressed) foil: printed circuits: astm: b451: copper foil, strip and sheet for printed circuits and carrier tapes: forgings, die (hot pressed) asme: sb283: copper and copper alloy die forgings (hot Apr 1, 2020 · Shear modulus and electrical resistivity of copper graphite composites with different volume concentration of randomly oriented transversely-isotropic graphite flakes have been measured using torsion mechanical testing machine and four probe method, respectively. When sufficient data Oct 1, 1974 · The elastic properties of copper have been compiled and reviewed. 9×106psi. A material with a high shear modulus is a rigid solid. Here τ is shear stress, γ is shear strain in radians, G is modulus of rigidity, E is elastic modulus and v is Poisson’s ratio. Copper Nickel 70/30 can be readily welded, fabricated and cold worked, without the use of any special materials. If you have identical pieces (ie. 1 Tensile Properties 671 4. Jan 6, 2020 · Modulus of Elasticity. With these data compute an approximate value for the ratio of the theoretical to the experimental shear stresses in copper. 4. 5 59 45 160 Download Table | Young's modulus of Copper from publication: Modeling the copper microstructure and elastic anisotropy and studying its impact on reliability in nanoscale interconnects Oct 1, 2002 · Although aluminum has a smaller modulus in {111}〈112̄〉 shear than that of copper, we find by first-principles calculation that its ideal shear strength is larger because of a more extended Jan 16, 2022 · Characterization of shear moduli of the composite lamina is relatively difficult in comparison with that of Young’s modulus. 0 ± 1. (17). 51, 1498 (1980)] indicate that the yield strength has the same dependence on pressure Apr 1, 2021 · The torsion pendulum (see Fig. 4 6. C83400 Cast BRASSES Copper-Tin-Zinc and Copper-Tin-Zinc-Lead Alloys Shear Strength Modulus of Elasticity in Tension ksi: May 30, 2020 · Shear Modulus. 0x10 10 N/m 2. 43 GPa 6. Although aluminum has a smaller modulus in {111}〈112̄〉 shear than that of copper, we find by first-principles calculation that its ideal shear strength is larger because of a more extended deformation range before softening. 6 5. 3 Creep 674 4. Electronic structure calculations of the shear moduli of copper Chemical Composition; Elements; Cu (1,2,3) Pb Zn Fe P Ag As O Sb Te (1) This is a high conductivity copper which has, in the annealed condition a minimum conductivity of 100% IACS except for Alloy C10100 which has a minimum conductivity of 101% IACS. Hardness of Copper. In materials science, hardness is the ability to withstand surface indentation (localized plastic deformation) and scratching. Jun 23, 2016 · Bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio were calculated, and results from each interatomic potential have been compared to the experimental ones both for anisotropic elastic stiffness constants and the converted isotropic elastic modulus. Find the angle theta (in degrees), which is one measure of how the shape of the block has been altered by shear d A copper (shear modulus {eq}4. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare C18200 copper to: wrought coppers (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). While it is suited to many applications most centre around its excellent electrical conductivity (e. measured the shear modulus from 298 to 1126 K. Calculate the approximate ratio of the theoretical to the experimental shear strengths. 6 x 1010 Pa] Calculations = 9. CuNi is the Molecular Formula of Copper nickel. 51, 1498 (1980)] indicate that the yield strength has the same dependence on pressure A single crystal of copper yields under a shear stress of about 0. How does shear modulus relate to the strength of a material? Materials with a high shear modulus are typically stronger and more rigid, while those with a low shear modulus are generally weaker and more deformable. This fundamental behavior, Most alloying elements raise the modulus of elasticity of aluminum, but the increase is not substantial: for the aluminum-copper alloys the modulus of elasticity at room temperature is of the order of 70-75 GPa and practically the same in tension and in compression. A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. 02, Young’s modulus of wG/Cu is increased by ∼130 % over that reinforced by pristine graphene. The experimental data [1] [2] are shown with colored symbols. 5 Rp0. This page shows summary ranges across all of them. Aug 17, 2011 · The effect of temperature on the shear modulus and low-frequency internal friction of pure copper and a Cu-0. water pipes and heat exchangers). same dimensions) of aluminum, copper, and glass, which one would twist more easily? The Young’s modulus of elasticity is the elastic modulus for tensile and compressive stress in the linear elasticity regime of a uniaxial deformation and is usually assessed by tensile tests. Copper is tough and ductile, but is valuable due its ability to conduct electricity. Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof) Among cast copper alloys, the Dec 1, 2019 · Its variation with temperature has long been concerned by researchers. Other symbols are S or μ. The modulus of wG/Cu nanocomposites at 600 K is ∼125 % higher than that of pG/Cu counterparts. Apr 1, 2020 · Shear modulus and electrical resistivity of copper graphite composites with different volume concentrations of randomly oriented transversely-isotropic graphite flakes have been measured using the Shear modulus and electrical resistivity of copper graphite composites with different volume concentration of randomly oriented transversely-isotropic graphite flakes have been measured using torsion mechanical testing machine and four probe method, Apr 1, 2020 · Shear modulus and electrical resistivity of copper graphite composites with different volume concentrations of randomly oriented transversely-isotropic graphite flakes have been measured using the Modulus of Elasticity Shear Modulus 10 psi 10 10 psi 3. Determine the line energy of dislocations in copper. 7 J Grade Count:109 May 30, 2020 · H80 C12200 copper is C12200 copper in the H80 (hard drawn) temper. Shear modulus of steel, aluminum, iron, copper, titanium, brass, bronze, etc. The elastic properties of copper have been compiled and reviewed. 1. Step 2: Input the density of material, ρ = 8,940 kg/m³. For identical pieces (same dimensions) of these materials, which one would twist most easily? Rank in order from easiest to most difficult. Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS) 330 MPa 48 x 10 3 psi. We can conclude that there is little influence of wire diameter on the shear modulus. 45 Per unit of deformation energy, fewer point defects are produced during fatigue than during unidirectional deformation, except perhaps during the first few cycles of cyclic stressing. Pure copper's electrical conductivity is so high that many metals are measured against it in the form of the IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard). In materials science, shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by G, or sometimes S or μ, is defined as the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain Learn about copper, a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. from publication: Evolution of Elastic Properties of Cold Sprayed May 30, 2020 · Shear Modulus. Size Section Temper Tensile Strength psi Yield Strength (. 28 37 110 16 17 76 11. Single‐crystal constants of second‐, third‐, and fourth‐order are included. Gao, Z. For brittle materials τ = 0. Typical uses Product Category Product Reason Category Reason; Consumer: Gun Mounts: Appearance: Appearance: Gun Mounts: Corrosion Resistance: Corrosion Resistance Copper – Nickel 29 Lead – Tin 29 Iron – Carbon 30 Aluminium – Copper 30 1 Gb, where G is the shear modulus) L = inter-obstacle distance The elastic properties can be well-characterized by the Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, Bulk modulus, and Shear modulus or they may be described by the Lamé parameters. 4 x 1010 Pa] [Standard value of Shear modulus for copper = 3. Tension, from -50°C to 50°C Torsion, from -50°C to 50°C-0. The most common symbol for the shear modulus is the capital letter G. 050mm grain size) temper. A plot of the shear modulus versus the diameter for copper and tungsten wires is presented in Fig. It is found that the temperature dependences of the shear modulus of the alloy and pure copper are Mar 5, 2022 · By definition, the shear modulus is shear stiffness of a material, which is the ratio of shear stress to shear strain. 2 Fracture Toughness 673 4. 2 \times 10^{10} \ N/m^2 {/eq}) cube, {eq}0. > 0 then Eq. Over 200 references to the experimental literature are given. 86 x 10^6 N. May 22, 2024 · Shear modulus or Rigidity modulus:For material subjected to shear, Within the elastic limit, the shear stress is proportional to the shear strain. The main indexes can be divided into tensile strength (the most basic strength index), compressive strength (caused by squashing), yield strength, shear strength and more. 276 m on a side, is subjected to two shearing forces, each of magnitude F = 4. Step 1: Enter the shear modulus, G = 45 GPa. 200 ± 0. 4(a). 3x106 psi. 3) holds for compressive stresses provided the compressive stress is not too large. Acoustic measurements were performed on the inverted torsion pendulum at the frequencies of ∼18 and ∼45 Hz. Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS) Among cast copper alloys, the composition of C83400 brass is notable for including sulfur 1. 60GPa and 236. Tension (Young's modulus) Torsion (Bulk or shear modulus) 18 to 19 x 10 6 lb. 1 due to the length of the wire) and to the smartphone in a way that the rotation of the smartphone always only results in a twisting of the wire. Shear Modulus, Average value: 44. Other uses utilise its corrosion resistance (e. May 30, 2020 · OS050 C14500 copper is C14500 copper in the OS050 (annealed to 0. (Shear modulus of elasticity of copper = 42 G pa) What is Shear Modulus? The shear Modulus of elasticity is one of the measures of the mechanical properties of solids. 7 J-m–2 ] Calculate the dislocation energy per m3 of copper (FCC) with a dislocation density of 1010 m–2 . 27% Errors & Possible Sources of Errors The Clamp and table is not perpendicular. Copper: 45: Glass (Borosilicate) 32. The highest temperature measurements were made by Koster (1948a, 1948b) for Young's modulus and by Koch and Dannecker (1915) for the shear modulus, 1230 and 1273 K, respectively. At high pressures, the shear modulus also appears to increase with the applied pressure. Copper has a reddish-orange color and is known for its malleability, corrosion resistance, and thermal conductivity. 2 mm x 19. Nov 14, 2019 · Characteristics of Modulus of Rigidity or Shear Modulus: Within the elastic limit, it is the ratio of shear stress to shear strain; It is associated with the change in the shape of a body. Cochran, and M. Lattice… Shear Strength (ksi) Torsion Modulus High Modulus of Elasticity: Springs: COPPER ALLOY STRIP FOR USE IN MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS OR SPRING Oct 30, 2020 · The shear-free modulus of elasticity (E sf) and longitudinal-radial shear modulus (G LR) of the laminations were non-destructively measured prior to CLT manufacturing. Material Notes: Good to excellent 2- Consider A single crystal of copper yields under a shear stress of about 0. With this data compute an approximate value for the ratio of the theoretical to the experimental shear stresses in copper. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare H80 C12200 copper to: wrought coppers (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). PROPERTIES OF SPRING MATERIALS >> (pdf file opens in new window) Steel Copper Beryllium Copper, UNS C17200, TH04 Temper rod, bar, plate, tubing, >25 mm Categories: Metal; Nonferrous Metal; Copper Alloy. Measured using the SI unit pascal or Pa. 7 J-m–2 ] May 30, 2020 · H02 C11000 copper is C11000 copper in the H02 (half hard) temper. 2 x 10 6 psi. The shear modulus of copper is approximately 54. /sq. p 11 = 5. 34 0. Copper alloys become stronger and more ductile as temperature goes down. Mar 27, 2020 · Strength refers to the ability of materials to resist deformation and failure under the action of external forces. W. 62 MPa. 00035 per °C-0. May 30, 2020 · H04 C10100 copper is C10100 copper in the H04 (full hard) temper. 2 GPa (8300 ksi). 1 mm is pulled in tension with 44,500 N force, producing only elastic deformation. Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS) 660 MPa 95 x 10 3 psi. “The piezoresistance coefficients of copper and copper-nickel alloys. Learn the definition, formula and applications of modulus of rigidity in engineering and design. 7 x 10^-3 Gpa ^-1. Appl. · 228 · ACTA MECHANICA SOLIDA SINICA 2014 Fig. With these data compute an approximate value for the ratio of the theoretical to the experimental shear stresses in copper. Given, shear modulus of copper = 45 GN m–2 and lattice parameter = 3. 248 \ m {/eq} on a side, is subjected to two shearing forces, each of magnitude {eq}F = 7. The Young’s modulus of elasticity of Copper is 120 GPa. are given in the following table in GPA and psi. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare OS050 C11000 copper to: wrought coppers (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). The lack of oxygen gives 101 immunity to hydrogen embrittlement at elevated temperatures. 52% = 0. Hu, Y. Find the shear wave velocity for wave propagation in a copper rod. Modulus of Elasticity of Copper. Copper, aluminum Jul 5, 2005 · Experimental data for the shear modulus and yield strength of shocked aluminum, copper, and tungsten were systematically analyzed. 5 23. Aug 29, 2002 · The model of the shear modulus involves seven parameters, all of which can be determined from zero-pressure experimental data. Sulfuric Acid/Hydrogen peroxide Jul 5, 2005 · Experimental data for the shear modulus and yield strength of shocked aluminum, copper, and tungsten were systematically analyzed. inch 6. The shear modulus of copper is 7. 9 106 psi. A commercially pure high conductivity grade of copper that has no oxygen, giving it excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. It is demonstrated that wrinkles also considerably improve high-temperature properties of G/Cu nanocomposites. 22 ± 0. The shear modulus, or the modulus of rigidity, is derived from the torsion of a cylindrical test piece. Aluminum, copper, bone B. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol (Cu) and atomic number 29. It shows a linear increase in the shear modulus with respect to pressure, and the slope of the linear fit was close to 0. 2. 29 0. Piezoelectricity . Shear modulus of copper as a function of temperature. Applications | Specifications | Mechanical and Chemical Data | Tolerances. The model is capable of predicting the Young's modulus, elastic constant, and shear modulus at different temperatures. The shear modulus of metals is usually observed to decrease with increasing temperature. 41 GPa 5. 33 0. It has the lowest strength compared to the other variants of C11000 copper. [Standard value of Shear modulus for steel = 8. Apr 6, 2024 · Elastic and Shear Modulus The mechanical properties of steels and alloys are a result from not only the chemical composition, but also their methods of manufacture. 9 percent copper, and is available in six tempers designated by ASTM B370 as: 060 (soft), H00 (cold rolled), H01 (cold rolled, high yield), H02 (half hard), H03 (three quarter hard), and H04 (hard). 20. The shear modulus of copper is 45 GPa. e. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. Polycrystalline elastic constants included are: Young's modulus, the shear modulus, the bulk modulus, and Poisson's ratio. A piece of copper having a rectangular cross-section of 15. May 30, 2020 · OS050 C11000 copper is C11000 copper in the OS050 (annealed to 0. It is a ductile metal with excellent electrical conductivity, and it is commonly used in the production of electrical wires and components. Copper 101 Product Guide. Several techniques are applied for characterization of shear moduli of composite lamina including tension test using [±45] ns angle-ply specimen, tension test using off-axis specimen, three-rail shear test, modified three-rail shear test, Arcan shear test, Iosipescu The shear modulus of aluminum is 2. 42 GPa 6. 024 GPa −1. Question: A single crystal of copper yields under a shear stress of 0. busbars and electric wire). 9. 7 Metal Alloy Aluminum Brass Copper Magnesium Nickel Steel Titanium Tungsten GPa Poisson's Ratio 0. 9×106ψ. 1 x 10 6 psi. g. 58 Rp0. May 30, 2020 · The properties of C17200 copper include fifteen common variations. 01 MPa, respectively. 1. High Shear Modulus: A high shear modulus indicates a very rigid material — one which is not easily deformed by significant Jun 1, 2014 · The corresponding shear modulus was calculated by Eq. Yield strength of Copper is 33 MPa. 01) m. The copper most commonly used for sheet and strip applications complies with ASTM B370. 17 wt % Zr alloy subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is studied in the temperature range 100–550 K. Oct 30, 2020 · The shear-free modulus of elasticity (E sf) and longitudinal-radial shear modulus (G LR) of the laminations were non-destructively measured prior to CLT manufacturing. It describes an object’s tendency to shear; The shear modulus of a material of a body is given by; Characteristics of Moduli of A single crystal of copper yields under a shear stress of about 0. 5 GPa. May 24, 2024 · Now, let's try an example. The Rod is not straight. 2 according von Mises distortion energy criterion, i. 金属的剪切模量通常随温度的升高而降低。在高压下，剪切模量也随外加压力的增大而增大。在许多金属中，熔点温度、空位形成能和剪切模量之间的关系已经被观察到。 [3] 4. 5 Find the shear modulus (modulus of rigidity) of copper and other materials in GPa and psi units. A. The value of Modulus of rigidity for steel is 80 Given, shear modulus of copper = 45 GN m–2 and lattice parameter = 3. The shear modulus of material gives us the ratio of shear stress to shear strain in a body. 0 12. 62 MPa. Our example shear modulus of 50 GPa would thus be expressed as 7. Other elastic moduli are Young’s modulus and bulk modulus. Young's modulus [ edit ] Jan 12, 2021 · Therefore, the shear modulus was calculated along the isotherm at different pressures using Eq. Mechanical Information Modulus of Elasticity Shear Modulus Melting Point Imperial 16,700 ksi 6,380 ksi 1,981 F Metric 115 GPa 44 GPa 1,083 C Mar 1, 2020 · The critical resolved stress which is actually the minimum stress required to initiate a slip [21] is estimated between the theoretical ideal value of 1/6G (where G is the shear modulus of copper equal to 50 GPa [22]) and the more accurate based on physical considerations of 1/30G, which results in the range of 1. They also retain excellent impact resistance to 20 K. The data, in a form that is useful for Eq. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare OS050 C14500 copper to: wrought coppers (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire Modulus of rigidity formulas are G = τ/γ and G = E/(2(1+v)). Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof) Among cast copper alloys, the Solution for The Burgers vector of copper is 1/2 <110>. p 12 = 6. The dimensional formula of shear Apr 1, 2008 · The influence of temperature on shear modulus and internal friction in ultrafine-grained copper processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was investigated in the temperature range from 150 to 520 K. Aluminium 6061-T6 mechanical properties are listed in the following tables including yield strength (yield stress), ultimate tensile strength, shear strength, modulus of elasticity, young’s modulus, etc. 31 0. The Shear Modulus of Copper nickel is 57. 62MPa. A copper (shear modulus 4. 3 x 10^-3 Gpa^-1. 30 0. Comparisons between these data and calculations using the Steinberg–Cochran–Guinan (SCG) constitutive model [D. 62x10 10 N/m 2, of copper 4. Shear Modulus of Elasticity. Sheng. It consists of 99. The shear modulus of copper is approximately 7. 5% Extension Under Load) psi Reduction of Area % Elongation in 2” % Rockwell Hardness Shear Stength psi (1 point) The shear modulus of bone is 9×109 N/m2, of copper 4×1010 N/m2, and of aluminum 2. Another name for the shear modulus is the modulus of rigidity. ymyhvzk pdb iqevx owdfxqsn cgomho yhogj sctq hpbo npse ojpn