Post harvest technology in agriculture Sep 25, 2023 · Methods: This study analyses research trends in AI application in postharvest agriculture using novel scientometric tools such as the Bibliometrix R package, biblioshiny, and VosViewer. So, reduction of post harvest losses is an alternative way of increasing production of agricultural and horticultural crops. However, significant postharvest losses, estimated at 40% for fruits and vegetables, limit the sector Oct 28, 2024 · India's agricultural sector is increasingly leveraging technology in post-harvest processing to enhance efficiency, reduce waste, and ensure food safety. Later it was renamed as Division of Postharvest Technology. Post Harvest Technologies: Threshing. The National Institute of Post Harvest Management (NIPHM), Operating Under the Ministry of Agriculture, Functions as the Main Institution in Sri Lanka Engaged in Improving the Post Harvest Technology of Rice, Other Grains, Field Crops, Fruits, Vegetables and Spices. See also: General Minimum Admission Qualifications for Postgraduate Studies Post-harvest technology encompasses the processes and techniques applied to agricultural products following harvest to maintain quality and prevent spoilage. The Sep 27, 2023 · Producers spend a great deal of money, natural resources (especially water and soil), labor, and time every year in order to feed the world’s population. . It contributes 30% GDP from 11. Crop Diversification : Promoting diversified cropping systems can reduce over-reliance on perishable crops, ensuring a balanced agricultural output. Aug 30, 2023 · Balancing food preservation and safety requirements with sustainability goals is an increasingly important objective for food producers, processors, distributors, and retailers. However, almost one-third of the products produced as a result of all these efforts are lost before reaching consumers due to postharvest losses, which threaten both the food supply and agricultural sustainability. Dec 29, 2020 · Assessment of Technological Knowledge on Pre-and Post-harvest Agricultural engaged a random sample of 150 fruit farmers in Johor and emphasised the need for post-harvest technology adoption to Dec 16, 2024 · Post-Harvest Technology Subsidies: Financial incentives for equipment like mechanical dryers, cold storage units, and moisture meters can make modern technologies more accessible. During different handling and marketing operations, there is a huge postharvest loss of agricultural produce. define post harvest technology; 2. Our primary focus is to provide the produce industry with unbiased, science-based, and practical knowledge on technology, emerging research, and resources in postharvest. Andales* and Engr. Reduction of cost of production: Post harvest technology reduces cost of production, ROLE OF POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY IN ORGANIC BASED HORTICULTURAL FARMING Article Id: AL202060 Kaustubh Das Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal-700 019 Email: kaustubh. India is the second largest producer of both fruits and vegetables in the world (52. In addition, out of the PhP 444. Michael A. Post-harvest technology has potential to create rural industries. J Agric Sci Bot. Feb 22, 2024 · The UC Postharvest Research and Extension Center strives to be the leader in developing, validating, and delivering innovative and impactful postharvest solutions. 73 % of its arable land area. It conducts researches on postharvest management of cereals, legumes and horticultural crops and disseminates the matured technologies to the end users. Jan 1, 2023 · Postharvest technology can encourage rural industrial prosperity (Rose & Chilvers, 2018). Apr 10, 2017 · Post Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004 . Title of the Chapters . This usually involves cleaning, sorting, and packaging the crop. Horticulture (Post Harvest Technology) in Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda (U. In the last few decades, besides the traditional approaches, advanced postharvest physical and chemical treatments (active packaging, dipping, vacuum impregnation, conventional heating, pulsed electric field, high hydrostatic pressure, and cold plasma) and May 8, 2024 · India is a global leader in agriculture and horticulture production, ranking second worldwide. The Department of Post Harvest Technology was established in April 2018. Citation: ui R. Post-harvest technology can provide additional data and insights that further improve agriculture. Overview of Postharvest Technology Division. This work has been established on the basis of lat Future research In post-harvest bio-control strategy and mode action of antagonistic yeast in postharvest diseases control You will be redirected to our submission process. Learn more about C. 2023;7(4):194 Post-harvest technology: A key to reducing food loss and ensuring food security. 4 to 26. Analyse in detail the significance of post-harvest technology and value addition in agricultural crops. There are four ways of increasing per capita food and fiber availability. Global food production has reached a record high in recent years; however, one third of all food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted, which is equivalent to 1. 37 million (US$ 8. 2. Processing and conversion of by-products, residues, and agricultural wastes and their reuse in Nov 19, 2020 · Climate change is affecting the post-harvest agriculture and food system. May 15, 2016 · 2. Agricultural and horticultural crop production schedules can be planned to take advantage of the market needs. T. Fruits and vegetables are of Industrial Technology (CEAT) for grain post-harvest; and 3) the Post-harvest Horticulture Training and Research Center (PHTRC) of the College of Agriculture (CA) for horticultural crop post-harvest. This article extensively reviews losses occurring during In the agricultural sector, production and post-harvest activities have largely been treated as separate subsectors. Case in point, the Department of Trade and Industry in the Philippines found that the quality and quantity of cocoa bean production output were affected by several limitations, including the need for better post-harvest fermentation and drying techniques. Threshing is the process of beating paddy plants in order to separate the seeds or grains from the straw. It is a series of methods and techniques used in the preservation of agricultural commodities after harvest. (250 words) Reference: www. Jan 29, 2021 · The National Institute of Post Harvest Management (NIPHM), Operating Under the Ministry of Agriculture, Functions as the Main Institution in Sri Lanka Engaged in Improving the Post Harvest Technology of Rice, Other Grains, Field Crops, Fruits, Vegetables and Spices. Oct 13, 2024 · What is Post-harvest technology? Post-harvest technology (PHT) is the scientific and technological application to agricultural commodities following their harvest. in PTM degree programme is open to applicants with a background in bioprocess, post-harvest technology, agricultural engineering, food sciences and technology, biotechnology, process engineering, or related field. 64% of farmers Dec 1, 2021 · This review paper aims to describe the fundamentals of nanotechnology, its application in agriculture, food research, postharvest, food process technology, packaging, and its role to support food security efforts as well as the challenges in the use of the technology in the food and agriculture system. H. Climacteric fruits, among others, become highly perishable soon after harvest, presenting a crucial challenge in agricultural management. Nov 29, 2023 · Post Harvest Technology: Nurturing the Harvest Beyond the Fields. Rina Yui* Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States Post-harvest technology, an often overlooked aspect of the Agricultural commodities are susceptible to huge post-harvest losses. It supports in the poverty issues of the economy as it generates employment opportunities for the locals. 3 billion tons. Post harvest technology refers to the application of scientific and technological principles to preserve and enhance the quality of agricultural produce after it is harvested. This department offers courses as Fundamentals of Food and Nutrition, Post-Harvest Management of Horticultural Crops, Processing of Horticultural Crops, Horticultural Work Experience and Rural Horticultural Work Experience. There is a great need to adopt and develop simple technologies for loss prevention and value addition at The Philippines is considered an agrarian economy, with 47% of the total land area or approximately 30 million hectares are agricultural lands. Chandra Singh joined the college’s Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CARIE) as its first applied research chair in Agricultural Engineering and Technology in the summer of 2019. The crops along with its nutrients are properly conserved. determine the pre-harvest factors affecting the post harvest life and quality aspects. No. The qualitative and quantitative losses incurred in cereals and legumes commodities between harvest and consumption are huge. To maintain the high quality of the harvested grains, it should be threshed immediately after harvesting. Post Harvest Technology Quality of the finished product is dependent on factors like the type or variety grown, agrotechniques adopted, environmental conditions during the development of the pod and the processing technology. A substantial portion of cereal grain goes to waste annually due to a lack of science-based knowledge, unconscious handling practices, suboptimal technical efficiency, and inadequate infrastructure. explain the causes of post harvest food losses and the prevention measures; 4. Nov 3, 2020 · Topic: Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, – different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers. The acclimatization of plantlets of tissue culture technique can be carried out in a green house. Post-harvest technology is used to improve the quality and extend the shelf life of food. Qualitative losses such as loss inedibility Nov 7, 2017 · Drying is an important step in post-harvest technology because every agricultural product in its natural state contains a certain amount of water, called the moisture percentage. Percentage of germination of seeds is high in greenhouses. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 1024, The 3rd International Conference on Agricultural Postharvest Handling an Processing 12/10/2021 - 14/10/2021 Bogor, Indonesia Citation S Joni Munarso et al 2022 IOP Conf. Every year, there is 16–36% post-harvest losses in fruit crops by mechanical, microbial, and physiological losses. Sep 27, 2011 · Passing the seeds quickly through the roller mill results in scratches or cracks in hull and removal of waxy layer of seed coat is known as pitting (Singh, 1995;Sokhansanj and Patil, 2003). The factors impacting fruit quality after harvest and the Jan 26, 2011 · Development of appropriate postharvest technology relies upon many disciplines that are relevant to the overall success of horticulture, i. This review paper examines recent advancements in ripening techniques and post-harvest technologies with the goal of improving peach fruit quality and sustainability. The postharvest system is an exciting area of “Science and Technique” practiced for agricultural produce after production for its safety, preservation, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, market research, and consumption to fulfill the nutritional and food needs of the people according to their needs. Postharvest technology is interdisciplinary science and technique applied to agricultural produce after Mar 1, 2012 · Other non-chemical post-harvest technologies which may be successful will also be discussed, e. Apr 28, 2022 · Postharvest management of food crops is an important part of food safety and security across the supply chain. In order to preserve the quality of the product and its storage life, this moisture content needs to be reduced to a level that is safe for storage. It was established as a multi-disciplinary research facility in April 2004. 20 Mt respectively). Jun 1, 2024 · The post-harvest phase of agricultural production plays a pivotal . Apr 11, 2022 · Cereals and legumes are prone to perishability and have very short shelf-life if not given proper treatment. 8. HORTICULTURAL CROPS . To address the problem on food shortage, as well as alleviate the conditions of the marginal farmers especially in the rural areas, the Philippine In 2018 Joined as Assoc. Post-harest technology: A ey to reducing ood loss and ensuring ood security. 85 Mt and 108. This chapter provides a bird's eye view of these post-harvest technological solutions that could help reduce the effects Based on this fact, the University of Mpumalanga’s Advanced Diploma in Agriculture in Post-Harvest Technology offers a new and exciting opportunity for students, government, private businesses, small-scale farmers and the civil society. , ethylene and other sprout control technologies, UV-C treatment, heat treatment, anti-microbial the agricultural products. Dec 5, 2022 · Quality losses in fresh produce throughout the postharvest phase are often due to the inappropriate use of preservation technologies. Current Projects Advanced Post-harvest Innovation program. In some cases, crops may also need to be cooled or dried before they can be stored. Page . In India, where 80% of the population lives in villages and 70% relies on agriculture, industrialization has relocated the food, feed, and fiber industries to urban areas. It encompasses a range of techniques and technologies designed to minimize losses, maintain freshness, and extend the shelf life of crops. 33% of open field growers harvested tomatoes in the yellow stage; 44. Dr. It is therefore important to make an assessment of this loss and turn it back to the consumption cycle. 28080 Phone (704) 250-5700 Fax (704) 250-5709 #post_harvest_technology#agriculture #horticulture Only Agriculture Institute with Highest SelectionsQuality Always Speaks ItselfThe AGRIMENTORS by AJAY SING During VIIth Five Year Plan the INDO-USAID sub-project on Post harvest Technology of Fruits and Vegetables was sanctioned by the ICAR with the idea of intensifying research efforts on Post Harvest Technology of seven commercially important fruits and vegetables viz. The 5th JIRCAS International Symposium : Postharvest Technology in Asia Priorities and Constraints of Postharvest Technology in the Philippines Silvestre C. Chapter . However, the country is still not self-sufficient particularly with its staple food requirements. post harvest technology 1. Mar 11, 2023 · Centre for Post Harvest Technology is one of the constituent disciplines of Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. . 10-21 February, 2014. Postharvest Technology - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications discusses some important aspects Feb 11, 2023 · PDF | Post-harvest losses are fast becoming a major problem, causing huge losses for farmers and various countries at large. Post-harvest technology can help to improve the quality of crops and to extend their shelf Sep 13, 2024 · Benefits of post-harvest technology. Good postharvest handlng is critical to reducing postharvest losses of fresh produce, to maintain quality, preserve nutrient content, and earn higher prices at market. ) Publications: (i):Research Papers- 26 Jun 14, 2024 · Reducing postharvest losses offers a significant opportunity to enhance food availability without requiring extra production resources. More detailed information provides a better understanding of potential issues and areas of improvement, allowing for more efficient harvesting and farming all around. It has been rather dominated by isolated activities of technology transfer. For this reason, it is Postharvest Technology is the science and technique applied to agricultural produce after harvest for its protection, conservation, processing, packaging, distribution, marketing and utilization to meet the food and nutritional requirements of the people in relation to their needs. TECHNO-INCUBATION CENTRE ESTABLISHED IN DEPARTMENT OF POSTHARVEST MANAGEMENT. Extending the shelf life of tomatoes is very important for Based on this fact, the University of Mpumalanga’s Advanced Diploma in Agriculture in Post-Harvest Technology offers a new and exciting opportunity for students, government, private businesses, small-scale farmers and the civil society. Abstract. Technology should be developed for the value added products from the agricultural products in order to better return to farmers. Dec 1, 2023 · Packaging materials containing nanoparticles, nano coatings and nano bubbles extends shelf life, quality and antimicrobial activity. plant biology, engineering, agricultural economics, food processing, nutrition, food safety, and environmental conservation. One is to increase the area under agriculture, second is to increase the Jan 1, 2016 · The role of women and their suited technology in post-harvest clearly highlighted, but the procedures of engaging them in postharvest losses reduction strategies still not clear. mango, banana, citrus, guava, potato, onion and tomato. Castro EN English Deutsch Français Español Português Italiano Român Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Türkçe Suomi Latvian Lithuanian český русский български العربية Unknown Importance of post harvest technology of horticultural crops 5-11 2 Maturity indices, harvesting and post harvest handling of fruits and vegetables 12-21 3 Maturity and ripening process 22-26 4 Factors affecting ripening can be physiological, physical, or biotic 27-31 5 Pre harvest factors affecting quality on post Post-harvest technology is an integral part of agricultural production and utilization system and it plays a key role in loss prevention, value addition and employment and income generation. Importance of Post-harvest technology lies in the fact that it has the capability to meet food requirement of growing population by eliminating losses making more nutritive food items from raw commodities by proper processing and fortification. Horticulture plays a significant role in Indian Agriculture. Prof. of Agricultural Science Research and Technology in Education and The postharvest technology is gaining importance for increasing agricultural productivity and growers intend to become producer-cum-processor by utilizing the technologies of processing. Apr 19, 2018 · The field of postharvest practices addresses issues of handling, transportation and temperature control for crops after harvest. Aug 20, 2021 · This Special Issue aims to cover recent progress and innovations in science, technology, engineering, operational practices, and logistics related to post-harvest preservation and protection of durable and perishable agricultural crops. Postharvest technology of horticultural crops The Postharvest Technology Division was created at this institute during 1978 with the nomenclature of the Division of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Microbiology and Postharvest Technology. 3. The knowledge of appropriate post harvest processing of agricultural commodities is necessary. The State-funded Techno-incubation Centre has been established at the Department of Postharvest Management, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum under Kerala Agricultural University for the commercialization of value-added products from fruits and vegetables. From proper storage and transportation methods to innovative processing approaches, Post Harvest Technology is crucial for Post-harvest methodology and technology for horticultural products December 2021 | Volume 34 | Issue 4 | Page 703 horticultural products under cold storage (Argenta, 2004). Sep 4, 2023 · About Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology The ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET) an ISO 9001 : 2015 Certified Institution (formerly ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified) was established on 3rd October 1989 at the PAU Campus, Ludhiana, Punjab, India as a nodal institute to undertake lead researches in the area of The MSc. Post-harvest practices in fruits and vegetables significantly influence sustainability in food production. P. Chapter 1: IMPORTANCE OF POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY OF . It includes processes aimed at preserving, processing, packaging, storing, handling, transporting, and marketing these products. It includes processing of agricultural produce, storage, packaging and coating, postharvest disease management, extending shelf life, and maintaining food quality and safety. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to: 1. 1 Discuss post harvest technology 1. S Joni Munarso 1, S M Widayanti 1 and Qanytah 1. PHT is applied to agricultural commodities for the main purpose of preservation, conservation, quality control, and enhancement. Postharvest Technology Division (PHTD) is one of the vital divisions of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). Join us in shaping the future of post harvest management and ushering in a new era of freshness, quality, and sustainability in the agricultural industry. Having secured five major international awards, grants, and recognition, PostHarvest is scaling up production to provide its technology to every major food operator worldwide. Ser Post harvest technology ensures reduction of losses in what has already been produced. The Indian agriculture sector is developing Nov 1, 2018 · The production of agricultural crops have increased manifold during the recent years, but the development and adoption of post harvest technology is lacking and resulting in huge post harvest losses. 85% of plastic house growers and 33. 1% loss at farm level. An advice to farmers in this regard: Oct 20, 2023 · Dear Colleagues, The postharvest losses of agricultural products in the supply chain remain unacceptably high. 9%, including 10. For many households, these losses threaten food, nutrition, and income security. Reducing losses and waste Apr 13, 2022 · Post-harvest food loss refers to a measurable reduction in the quantity or quality of the food produced after harvesting. das@rediffmail. In the last few decades, besides the traditional approaches, advanced postharvest physical and chemical treatments (active packaging, dipping, vacuum impregnation, conventional heating, pulsed electric field, high hydrostatic pressure, and cold plasma Mar 16, 2023 · Post-harvest technology in agriculture refers to the process of preparing crops for storage or for market. This can amount to a significant proportion, with close to one third of global food production being lost or wasted every year. Mar 12, 2021 · Post-harvest technology improves agricultural production by numerous ways: It prevents post-harvest losses It adds values to agricultural products. Jun 23, 2023 · Globally agricultural production system generates a substantial proportion of postharvest waste that causes environmental pollution resulting in economic losses and human health-related problems. postharvest losses and waste include use of cultivars with longer postharvest life, use of an integrated crop management system that maximizes yield and quality, and use of proper harvesting and postharvest handling procedures to maintain quality and safety of horticultural crops and their products. com orticultural crops play a unique role in India’s economy by improving the income Apr 15, 2024 · Excessively high levels of post-harvest loss often are a feature of agricultural systems dominated by small-holder farmers. fao Innovative post-harvest technologies and ripening techniques that can successfully improve peach fruit quality and extend shelf life are required to solve these difficulties [11,12]. Jan 1, 2020 · The post-harvest losses of agricultural crops in developing countries, the condition and causes of losses during the storage as well as technological interventions aimed at reducing these losses May 1, 2022 · Advances in Postharvest Technology and Its Implementation. What explains this paradox? Jan 23, 2024 · 8. Jan 8, 2020 · Post-harvest technology (PHT) is most popularly known as post-harvest handling. ) Present position/designation: Professor & Head, Department of Post Harvest technology, College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda (U. In each stage in a product’s handling after harvest – cleaning, packaging, transportation, storage, preparation and retail – exists the potential for contamination or spoilage, both leading to postharvest losses Jan 1, 2021 · Based on the importance of the post harvest technology in agriculture and allied sciences, it is presumed that all people engaged in agriculture should know about the various terminologies being The Post harvest technology is gaining importance for increasing agril. e. Post-harvest technology is the application of scientific and engineering principles to the handling, storage, packaging, distribution, and sale of agricultural produce after it has been harvested. role in determining the quality, safety, and longevity of harvested crops. 1 million) budget for comprehensive primary and secondary post-harvest processing programs 2002, Aug 25, 2023 · Post-harvest technology therefore reduces food wastage and ensures food security, it provides a better economy to the farmers and youth. Sep 1, 2010 · The post harvest losses range between 10-20% for durables and 30-40% for perishables. Gragasin* Although the Philippines is an agricultural country, it is not self-sufficient in its staple food requirements. Quality losses in fresh produce throughout the postharvest phase are often due to the inappropriate use of preservation technologies. Jan 24, 2021 · The post-harvest technology is gaining importance for increasing agricultural productivity and growers intend to become producer-cum-processor by utilizing the technologies of processing. 7. Author . carryout post harvest food loss assessment; and 5. INDEX . E. g. As India is a rising country with the large availability of Agricultural land, PHT is very important. 1 day ago · This high-level meeting aimed to explore collaborative opportunities in post-harvest technology, organic and natural farming, and agricultural mechanization. The goal of this review is to thoroughly examine recent developments in ripening and post-harvest technology in order to This review paper aims to describe the fundamentals of nanotechnology, its application in agriculture, food research, postharvest, food process technology, packaging, and its role to support food security efforts as well as the challenges in the use of the technology in the food and agriculture system. 9. Contact Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies 500 Laureate Way, Suite 4222 Kannapolis, N. The research analysed 586 published papers on AI application in postharvest agriculture research between 1994 and September 2022, retrieved from the Scopus In agriculture, postharvest handling is the stage of crop production immediately following harvest, Postharvest Technology Research & Information Center; Dixie, G Pre-harvest technology involves the methods and techniques used to manage crops and prepare them for harvest, while post-harvest technology involves the methods and techniques used to preserve Oct 9, 2023 · The estimated overall post harvest distribution system losses in tomato varied from 19. C. Master in Postharvest Technology program aims to produce graduates who are able to identify, understand, explain, evaluate/analyze problems related to the postharvest field in an integrated manner with scientific approaches and methods, and be able to develop science and technology through research activities in the field of postharvest technology to produce innovative, tested and beneficial Nov 12, 2022 · The production of agricultural crops has increased manifold during the recent years, but the development and adoption of post-harvest technology are lacking and resulting in huge post-harvest losses. determine its importance and objectives; 3. This is a crucial area of study as approximately one-third of produced food gets lost or wasted annually. The post harvest technology intervention like cold storage, modified atmosphere packaging, high pressure processing and chemical treatments have role in transforming the shelf life in harvested microgreens also. However, this situation is something of a paradox, as technologies exist that have been shown in field demonstrations to substantially reduce post-harvest loss. 1 Introduction to post harvest technology of agricultural produce; Status of Production, Losses, Need, Scope and Importance 1. 2 Introduction to various post harvest operations such as Primary Processing Operation Vs. Sep 28, 2021 · This review will address all such nanotechnology-based advancements for minimizing post-harvest losses of horticultural crops and enhancing the socio-economical progress of growers in particular. Whereas a lot of emphasis was put on research and development of agricultural production, fewer resources have been invested in post-harvest development. Nov 1, 2015 · Post-harvest Technology in the Philippines by Susana G. Equally vital is developing post-harvest technologies including processing of agricultural commodities, production of value added products, more efficient utilization of by-products and Jun 5, 2023 · Analysis of the post-harvest practices of farmers suggested that 53. productivity and growers intend to become producer-cum-processor by utilizing the tehnologies of processing. 2 Enlist P ost harvest technology need 1. Chaturvedi highlighted the strong and enduring partnership between India and Germany, emphasizing the role of Intergovernmental Consultations (IGC), Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs Jun 10, 2023 · The assessment on the causes of post-harvest loss and quality deterioration of horticultural crops was carried out in Dire Dawa Administration from March 2011 to December 2012 in the eleven Dec 19, 2023 · Post-harvest handling and ripening techniques have an impact on peach quality and shelf life, which has a big impact on consumer satisfaction and market competitiveness. 3Protected Cultivation & Post Harvest Technology 6. Post Harvest Technology plays a pivotal role in preserving and enhancing the quality of agricultural produce after harvesting. Innovations like high-pressure cleaners and automated systems are key to maintaining produce quality and equipment longevity. Postharvest technology can encourage rural industrial prosperity (Rose & Chilvers, 2018). ywucs rkvkh hvkjn suxophg hmir yla dnbd bwbzp yieo abfu