About Potassium Perchlorate. Weingart (1947) has the only modern for mula I have been able to locate that uses calcium sulfate without either aluminum, magnesium or magnalium. The addition of premixed flash powder at a ratio of 3 parts flash to one part chlorate/ sulfur is much less sensitive , but it is still a finger eating bitch. There are dozens of recipes for flash powders. 4 b shows TG and DTA curves for Al 18 /KClO 4 (50:50) mixture. 3) thorough mixing is very important, the more it's mixed the better. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 1–10 millijoules can set off certain mixtures. Historically, perchlorate salts have been used therapeutically to treat hyperthyroid disorders Although there are many different formulas for Flash Powder, the safest, (and the industry standard) is made just from Potassium Perchlorate & German Aluminum. Apr 23, 2022 · Rest a glass bowl or pan on the ice to chill the reaction. Applications. Shimizu. Potassium Chlorate is especially energetic. 912216 Da. I usually ignite it with some iron/sulfur mix. Flash powder is typically composed of a strong oxidizer such as potassium chlorate or potassium perchlorate and a metallic fuel such as aluminum. Great Resource! Fireworks Cookbook has a huge range of chemicals, including aluminum powder, dark aluminium powder, atomized aluminum, black aluminum powder, indian aluminium, german aluminum powder, pyro supplies and many hard-to-find ones, at reasonable prices. It is often used in fireworks, stage shows, and other special effects. In this reaction, the potassium perchlorate (KClO4) reacts with the aluminum (Al) to form potassium Mar 22, 2006 · Posted March 23, 2006. Perchlorate is moderately toxic, can be absorbed through the skin and breathing protection should be worn when handling fine powderPerchlorate is the inorganic salt with the chemical formula KClO4 and is a very common oxidizer in pyrotechnics. Blue Green Pink Purple Red Yellow. Pretty much it is black powder with all nitrate replaced by Chlorate (they have some similar properties), and all the fuel replaced with charcoal to avoid the whole sulfur-chlorate thing. Common ratios are 7:3 and 2:1 by mass. ZPP has been widely used in electro-explosive devices for many years as a composition that converts the electrical energy applied to a bridgewire into sufficient heat Nothing says "celebration!" like the pyrotechnic displays brought to you courtesy of flash powder—the stuff that makes flares flare, fireworks explode, and other fun things that go BOOM. 8% but many other mixtures could be used I am sure, especially if you are not concerned with smoke generation during ignition. Location:New York. Fig. Just how sensitive would this mixture be? May 16, 2014 · Investigators also found three 5-pound bags of potassium perchlorate, five 1-pound bags of aluminum powder and another 5 pounds of aluminum powder in two additional bags. 1 Acquire aluminum powder and potassium perchlorate. Sure your Chlorate, German Black, with a little sulfur will hit hard, but it’s dangerous and the risk/reward is NOT worth it. Flash Powder Here's a simple recipe for flash powder I've been using for years. 1, PGII, Label Code 5. Ofca Silver Tail #1. This is a fine, new resource for fireworkers. The recommended ratio is generally 95% ammonium nitrate to 5% aluminum powder. Quality pyrotechnic chemicals and firework supplies from Pyro Chem Source. May explode under prolonged exposure to fire or heat. Perchlorate/Al. If your asking the questions you are asking then you really need to leave flash power alone. Carefully pour the nitric acid and sulfuric acid into your glass container. Contains: Aluminium Ammonium nitrate Antimony trisulfide Barium carbonate Barium chlorate Barium nitrate Barium oxide Barium sulfate Cab-O-Sil Calcium hydride Calcium sulfate Charcoal Copper Copper (I) chloride Copper II oxide Dextrin Graphite Apr 4, 2023 · Composition. 549 Da. Regulatory information United States of America Inventory Component CAS No TSCA TSCA Inventory notification - Active-Inactive TSCA - EPA Regulatory Flags Potassium perchlorate 7778-74-7 X ACTIVE - Legend: TSCA US EPA (TSCA) - Toxic Substances Control Act, (40 CFR Mar 4, 2024 · If someone uses potassium perchlorate, aluminum is needed. 60/lb)Make fine and pure Potassium Nitrate ($1. It's also used in pyrotechnic devices, including waterfalls, strobes, flash, Stars and whistlesAvailable in 1lb or 25-pound bucket container. It combines insensitivity and good stability with great power. Ammonium Perchlorate (NH4ClO4) White granular powder. DANGER: Chlorate flash mixtures decompose faster than perchlorate flash mixtures and are more sensitive to shock, flame, spark and friction. Perchlorate was reasoned to be present due to an exothermic reaction between chlorate and sulfuric acid (Martín-Alberca et al. Often, potassium perchlorate is added so that the mixture burns rapidly, which in turn detonates Description. Molecular Formula 2319129 138. Potassium perchlorate 22% It requires a starter mixture. Learn how to make Oma Flash with a detailed chemical list with percentages and a built-in calculator to make any desired amount <style>. Armstrong's mixture. Posted July 31, 2010. The term “Flash Powder” (FP) refers to a mixture of oxiders and metallic fuels that burn quickly and make a loud noise regardless of their confinement in pyrotechnic field. PYROPAK® 2 Component Powders come in 2 separate containers, the ‘A’ Bottle, and the ‘B’ Bottle. The exothermic peak at 608 °C, where the mass decreases is related to the reaction between aluminum powder and potassium perchlorate. - Charge. Total compositions by your criteria: 111 Feb 4, 2008 · KNO3 flash is harder to light, but is generally KNO3 and Mg, hence Mg incompatabilities are of concern. It is also used in fountain compositions and glitter compositions to achieve specific visual effects. These binary (part A & part B) powders have been a staple in the world of theatrical special effects. There is a formula that uses Potassium Nitrate, Potassium Perchlorate, Magnalium, & Magnesium that makes a blinding white flash used for shell inserts but it is very sensitive & requires a "soft break" when used in shells. I have tried all the existing oxidizers for flash powder with magnesium, aluminum, magnalium. It is used as an antithyroid and involved in the treatment of hyperthy . 15/lb) Make Potassium Perchlorate and most other Chlorates and Perchlorates (for $1. 340 Total. Ammonium perchlorate flash powder is commonly used in the pyrotechnics industry to create bright flashes of light and loud bangs. A typical composition of flash powder in firework items consists of potassium perchlorate (70 wt%) as oxidizer and dark pyro aluminum (30 wt%) as fuel [6]. Simple is best. To make a 5g mix (perfectly suitable for a small bang), weigh out 3. 340. Using 10 different ingredients seven types of flash powders are mixed and tested. 5 grams of the potassium and 1. Whistle. Additionally, it is used in the manufacture of airbag inflators and as a component in some forms of explosive Feb 4, 2008 · KNO3 flash is harder to light, but is generally KNO3 and Mg, hence Mg incompatabilities are of concern. These results show the ignition temperature of the mixtures also PROPER SHIPPING NAME: Potassium Perchlorate & SHIPPING INFORMATION: UN# 1489, Class 5. As an oxidizer, potassium perchlorate can be used safely in the presence of sulfur, whereas potassium chlorate cannot. Transfer the measured potassium perchlorate into a mortar and pestle. Other uses include electronic tubes, nuclear reactors, additives for lubricating oils, rubber manufacture, aluminum refining, as a fixer in dyes and for fabrics, in finishing leather and tanning, in Aluminum German Dark Pyro (5413H Super) quantity. There are multiple forms of FP, but the main common consists of potassium perchlorate (70 wt%) (KClO 4) as oxidizer and aluminium (30 wt%) (Al) as fuel [1]. Mix your ingredients. Mixing these chemicals should be done with great care because all flash mixtures are Potassium perchlorate is the most commonly used oxidizer in colored pyrotechnic compositions and flash powder. Use a glass rod or plastic spoon and make certain all of the material is wet. +99% technical grade purity. Molecular Formula ClKO. Jan 21, 2014 · 1) make sure the KClO4 is a fine powder and is free flowing. 3 parts aluminum powder. Armstrong's mixture is a highly shock and friction sensitive [1] primary explosive. Other formulae use potassium perchlorate. Ads by Google Terrorism Threat Steganography used for planning, recruiting. 7 parts potassium Perchlorate. Nov 30, 2015 · Perchlorate (ClO4−) is the dissociated anion of potassium perchlorate that exerts an inhibitory effect on iodide uptake by the thyroid gland in the cellular level 3. Once mixed, the chemical composition inside the bottle becomes an explosive pyrotechnic Apr 27, 2018 · The reaction mechanism and ignition characteristics of the pyrotechnic composite of titanium nanoparticles and micron sized potassium perchlorate was investigated under rapid heating conditions Oct 7, 2006 · I made some flash powder the other day and was really careful and precise with my measurements. It's also used in whistles, strobes, waterfalls and many other pyrotechnic devices. This is the best method if you still want fi… Jump to: navigation, searchPotassium perchlorate flash is the most commonly used flash powder in the pyrotechnic industry. Potassium perchlorate is used to make protective breathing equipment used in fighter aircrafts in the event of depressurization. Calcium carbonate may also be present in small proportions, as desensitizer. Wear protective clothing, gloves, and eye Flash compositions used in firecrackers usually consist of a mixture of aluminium powder and potassium perchlorate. 1 part aluminum powder. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. Jun 15, 2015 · Mix only Potassium Nitrate, sulphur and boric acid and mill it like Black Powder, then sieve it and add the aluminum. The percussion cap, a metal container, has a primer (flammable mixture) that ignites the propellant to fire the bullet. Use a digital scale to weigh the correct amounts of ammonium nitrate and aluminum powder. Certain formulations prominent in the underground press contain both sulfur and potassium chlorate. I have 325 bright flake Al, works just fine. , cherry bombs, M-80s, firecrackers, and cap gun shots) and was once used for Jul 29, 2008 · Making German Blackhead or bright Aluminum Powder in any mesh you want! ($1. Due to its similarity in ionic size and charge to iodide, perchlorate inhibits the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) without being translocated into the thyroid follicular cell 3 . Armstrong's mixture consists of red phosphorus and potassium chlorate. 660 Aluminum (dark pyro) 0. Firecracker Powder-6 parts potassium nitrate . i used potassium perchlorate and indian blackhead aluminum powder. Remember these chemicals are very dangerous and often quite expensive so be careful. It is also used in rocket fuel to provide an initial burst of energy to get the rocket off the ground. Identification of flash powder is based on the oxidizer, most commonly potassium perchlorate, and the metal fuel. 1 part sulfur. Flash powder is a pyrotechnic composition that produces a bright flash of light when ignited. 50/lb)! Make colored smoke bombs for paintball and more! The Ninja Contact Smoke Bomb: A flash of light, a puff of smoke and you're gone! The correct ratio of potassium perchlorate to aluminum for any quantity of flash powder is 7:3. Flash powder. I am not personally beyond using them together, but I have very pure chemicals. When the oxidizer is added it makes it significantly harder to ignite. Flash powder recipe for fireworks: 1. Crackle Microstars Chinese. This potassium perchlorate's particle size averages -100 mesh (99%). It is also used as an oxidizer in colored pyrotechnic compositions and flash powder. 8% Potassium perchlorate 11. Proper Shipping Name POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE Hazard Class 5. Check out the Rainbow of Rubber Stars for a Flare. Seamless service from start to finish. Pure potassium perchlorate has an endothermic peak at 300 °C Chlorate/aluminum-based flash powders I. Perchlorates are both naturally occurring and manufactured. Make Flash Powder: In this instructable I will show you a "safer" method to making A potassium nitrate base flash powder. If you only plan on making smoke mix I would just buy like 5lbs of kno3 and that would last you a while making a 60/40 mix but if you plan on making more devices get the perc as it is more versatile even if it isn't that common of a smoke mix. Oct 30, 2016 · There really is no benefit to using it over the conventional formula--and yes, it does "wick" moisture. It IS static sensitive, as well as impact sensitive. Sold in two separate bottles, once mixed they are highly explosive. Potassium perchlorate is the most commonly used oxidizer in colored pyrotechnic compositions and flash powder. It is completely compatible with sulfur, and will only make it much more stronger. Jul 5, 2008 · Making German Blackhead or bright Aluminum Powder in any mesh you want! ($1. Do try to source them legitimately. What it is: The pyrotechnic zirconium/ potassium perchlorate (“ZPP”) is a mixture of fuel (high purity micron range Zr powder) and an oxidizer (milled potassium perchlorate). 4) try a small amount of the mixture (less than 1g) with visco fuse, or a smaller amount with a blow torch. Formulations vary, but one consists of 67% potassium chlorate, 27% red phosphorus, 3% sulfur, and 3% calcium carbonate. 5 parts aluminum powder . It has a great balance of stability and power, and is usually comprised of Potassium perchlorate and Aluminum powder. Don’t worry about the “best” because you are chasing something that doesn’t matter. Apr 1, 2006 · Another endotherm at 605 °C corresponds to fusion of potassium perchlorate. Klofkorn. Potassium perchlorate. Choose the size from the drop-down menu. 1 part Flash powder. The contents of the ‘A’ Bottle are poured into the ‘B’ bottle, which is then recapped, and mixed gently but thoroughly. Mix them together in the following proportions: 70% potassium perchlorate and 30% aluminum powder. I never used other flash compositions because this one seems to be much less sensitive: I have tried to scratch and hit a very small amount of comp. Monoisotopic mass 137. Ofca Silver Tail #2. compositions using potassium perchlorate as the oxidizing agent. Apr 1, 2006 · Pure aluminum with 5 μm particle size has a fusion temperature about 647 °C, but this temperature for 18 μm powder is 660 °C. 50/lb)!Make colored smoke bombs for paintball and more! The Ninja Contact Smoke Bomb: A flash of light, a puff of smoke and you're gone! Jul 12, 2016 · Both mixed two moles of sulfur to one mole of perchlorate are and effective impact explosive, No containment needed for a good bang. The sim-ultaneous detection of these inorganic and organic components remains a challenge, as does the detection of the intact inorganic oxidizers. It is also used in oxidizing, engraving, or etching compounds, and as a reagent in analytical chemistry. 4% Zinc dust 11. Not designed to produce significant fragments or throw projectiles when ignited. Add to cart. Know the threat! Typically a powdered mixture of aluminum or magnesium with an oxidizing agent such as potassium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, or barium nitrate. 2) make sure there is no moisture contamination. They are used as emulsions, water gels, delay elements in detonators, and in some seismic explosives. That’s going to be your safest flash, if you want to assume any flash is safe. A spark of as little as 0. I had the same problem a while ago. Though most flash powders are not impact Aug 21, 2017 · It will burn with the touch of a match. The thunder sounds heavier (lower sound frequency) than that of a perchlorate flash. ie a 7:3 mix. Not so easy to ignite, but stronger, like a Barium Nitrate flash. KClO3---- just don't go there, all the NH4 and S problems KClO4 flash is overall the 'safest' and is certainly the more commonly used. Traditionally it has been: Antimony 76. 60/lb) Make fine and pure Potassium Nitrate ($1. Flash powder is a pyrotechnic composition, a mixture of oxidizer and metallic fuel, which burns quickly (deflagrates) and produces a loud noise regardless of confinement. The Formula 70/30 Flash Powder Potassium Perchlorate 70 % Aluminum Powder "German Dark" 30 % The Inside Source for Quality Firework Chemicals. Main Next » Print PERCHLORATE-BASED FLASH POWDER COMPOSITION #1 SOURCE: Lancaster PREPARATION (parts by weight) : CHEMICAL PERCENT/PARTS AMOUNT Potassium perchlorate 0. Average mass 138. (70 grams and 30 grams) it reacted quite well, and burned really fast, so i know i am using the right chemicals with the right surface area. It will not spontaneously combust, unless you added something else or got it wet. 1 : PRODUCT INFORMATION Potassium Perchlorate : CAS Number RTEC Number Water Solubility 7778-74-7 SC 9700000 2g/100ml EINEC Number Molecular Wt. Several of the techniques specified by T/SWGFEX Flash powder is generally gray or metallic in color varying from a visibly homogeneous mixture to a granular heterogeneous mixture. It is important to note that both chemicals are highly reactive and should be handled with precaution. Even with Al its normally Al with S and then you have Sulphur problems. Whistle Mix Salicylate. Def your Al … and nitrates don’t make great flash. Learn how to make Flare with a detailed chemical list with percentages and a built-in calculator to make any desired amount. Than at room temperature mixed with sulfur powder at 5:1 ratio than milled again in a ball mill more 12 hour the 2 component. 55 KClO 4 Buy Potassium Nitrate, Aluminum Powder, Potassium Perchlorate, Magnalium, Charcoal and Sulfur. 99% technical grade purity. It is far superior to any other Flash Powder formula in many respects. By volume: potassium permanganate 2 parts, Aluminium powder (the finest flour-like grade) 1 part, powdered sulphur 0. Mar 6, 2012 · The most powerful flash powder can easily be made using Potassium Perchlorate and Dark aluminium, also please be careful and safe when making this powder. , cherry bombs, M-80s, firecrackers, and cap gun shots) and was once used for 0. , 2012). Total compositions by your criteria: 111. [2] [3] It is named for Sir William Armstrong, who invented it sometime prior to 1872 for use in explosive shells. Do not stir, crush, press, or stand upon the mix. This research further demonstrates the capability of CE to detect chlorates and Flash Powder is a combination of an Oxidizer and a Fuel (powdered metal). This method is far more safer than the perchlorate base method which is very sensitive and dangerous. or. Founded by Frank Galli in 2000, Sniper’s Hide has been offering informational videos, podcasts, and other support to its users in one location. 1 Packing Group II 15. Pyrotechnicians use Potassium Perchlorate for making colorful stars and flash powder. 00 Per Pound / 2 Pound Bags Feb 7, 2016 · The Complete Book of Flash Powder. PYROPAK® Flash Powder. Skip to main content. org Flash powders—especially those that use chlorate —are often highly sensitive to friction, heat/flame and static electricity. Grind it gently and carefully for a few minutes until it becomes a fine powder. Submerge the cotton or paper in the acid mixture. This mixture, sometimes called flash powder, is also used in ground and air fireworks. The addition of sodium carbonate is made to deacidify Ammonium perchlorate is an explosive agent used as a component of fireworks, flash powders, explosives, smokeless jet, and rocket propellants. ChemSpider ID 22913. 15/lb)Make Potassium Perchlorate and most other Chlorates and Perchlorates (for $1. This is the standard flash powder of the pyrotechnic industry. This process helps to homogenize the substance and improve the overall performance of the flash powder. It acts as a solid rocket propellant. The photoflash may be quiet in a loose pile, but if you intend to use it in a shell (as an insert) it will make noise - just not as much as normal flash. 42 Aluminium German Dark. Potassium sulfate: The Technico Chemical Receipt Book 1896 long ago recommended the use of potassium sulfate in blue compositions. Both flash and make thunder quit well. Then, using a phone app lu Common flash powder compositions Potassium perchlorate and aluminium. Check out the Rainbow of Rubber Stars for a collection Sep 17, 2023 · Of course that is pure speculation based on the photos and powder appearance. See: Testing flash powders for homemade firecrackers . In fact I can attribute my interest in explosives and even chemistry to it because it is so versatile. Accurate measurements are crucial when mixing Tannerite. Commercial explosives. 2. While these items are still available, binary powders (Flash Powders) are no longer sold to the Description. Either swirl to mix or stir with a glass rod. Other types of flash powder can also contain magnalium powder, sulfur and a diversity of oxidizers. Perchlorates are salts derived from perchloric acid and are commonly used within the pyrotechnics industry. Flash Powder 7-3 (most common) Flash/Salute. March 17, 2006. Sniper’s Hide is a community of Snipers of all kinds, focusing on long range shooting, accuracy, and ballistics. Potassium chlorate and aluminium Mar 7, 2010 · Any flash is dangerous! 5413 is an excellent grade of aluminum for flash! When you make flash with quality Potassium perchlorate and 5413 super H aluminum it will be storage stable. It is widely used in theatrical pyrotechnics and fireworks (namely salutes, e. Potassium Perchlorate, Potassium Nitrate, Aluminum Powder, Sulfur Powder, Charcoal, Titanium, Magnesium, Strontium Nitrate, Barium Nitrate. Sulfur is used to substitute for some or all of the phosphorus to slightly decrease sensitivity and lower costs. Nov 9, 2023 · Step 3: Grind the Potassium Perchlorate. Potassium Nitrate Technical Grade Milled $ 4. My friend and I are pyrotechnical enthusiasts. woocommerce-product-gallery{ opacity: 1 !important; }</style> I want to know would this work without the need of aluminum or any other ingredient not if it would be flasher to add aluminum or any other… Chinese Potassium perchlorate KClO4 is an oxidizer in colored pyrotechnic compositions. Some compositions also contain Sulfur, and are accordingly stronger. Oct 9, 2023 · Weighing the Ammonium Nitrate and Aluminum Powder. Flash, concussion, report, and salute compositions are highly explosive. Advanced Marksmanship Unit. It will produce a bright flash upon initiation with a flame. By color. Extreme care must be exercised when preparing, handling, or using any such composition. 5 gram of the aluminum. composition, ammonium, potassium perchlorate, sulphur flour, antimony trisulphide, specific gravity, Jul 29, 2008 · Making German Blackhead or bright Aluminum Powder in any mesh you want! ($1. Total. Typically, this means M80's, cherry bombs, silver salutes, firecrackers, aerial salutes, rocket headings, and other flash-powder based items. It is always recommended Ok Potassium Chlorate and or Perchlorate and alumnium dust make "flash powder" which can be incredibly dangerous. They must be mixed by "diapering" do a search on mixing flash powder. Mar 17, 2006 · 272. Your best off with potassium perchlorate. Dec 1, 2019 · The main pyrotechnic charges in flash bangers are flash and black powder. We have recently looked into making flash powder with seven parts potassium perchlorate and three parts aluminum powder. DANGER: Chlorate and sulfur/sulfide mixes are known to be very sensitive to shock, flame, spark and friction. Flash powder is a rapidly-burning mixture of an oxidizer and a fuel—commonly potassium perchlorate and aluminum powder—and is guaranteed to light things up. It is used as an antithyroid and involved in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. However when I try and make any flash powder with it, it will hardy ignite. To make potassium perchlorate flash powder, you will need potassium perchlorate and aluminum powder. Even theatrical flash pots have a loud bang. … Menu Define "very fine". 2/3 proved to be the best which is odd considering the fuel is in excess in this ratio. Mike. While it was once popular in flash compositions, its use has declined due to safety concerns and the availability of safer alternatives. Forums. Basically, unless you have an ATF Explosives Manufacturing license, if these are primarily the devices you want to make, the Federal regulations administered by the CPSC prevent us from selling you the The chemical reaction that occurs when standard flash powder (potassium perchlorate and powdered aluminum) is ignited and produces a bright flash of light can be described by the following equation: 3 KClO4 + 8 Al → 3 KCl + 4 Al2O3 + heat. Potassium Perchlorate is generally immediately available in most volumes. Potassium perchlorate is used in ammunition percussion caps, explosive primers, fireworks and propellants. 3. Sniper’s Hide Fieldcraft. 50/lb)! Make colored smoke bombs for paintball and more! The Ninja Contact Smoke Bomb: A flash of light, a puff of smoke and you're gone! Apr 24, 2017 · Other Uses. g. Fast and slow compositions have since been developed: Fast Zinc dust 36% Jul 31, 2010 · 7. Perchlorate salts, such as sodium, ammonium, and potassium perchlorate, are used in some explosive products. The exact composition depends on the application. Perchlorate contamination may occur through the incomplete detonation of these products. 1 part sugar . Nov 2, 2023 · Chlorate, perchlorate, sulfate, and chloride were detected via CE from samples of glass, soil and other environmental materials. Pyrotechnics data for your hobby. Antimony Trisulfide Dark Pyro finds its primary use in white star compositions of potassium perchlorate-base. Feb 27, 2022 · The extreme powerful KClO4 flash powder using a ball mill:The finely powdered 24h in a ball mill milled potassium perchlorate 200°C-300°C heated and cooled down. Percussion cap, a firing mechanism of guns and pistols, uses potassium perchlorate to ignite the gunpowder and fire the bullet. Flash Powder-4 parts potassium Perchlorate. Jump to: navigation, searchMagnalium flash is a powerful type of flash powder generally using a powerful oxidizer such as potassium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, and potassium nitrate and magnalium as fuel. 4 parts potassium nitrate. Jan 9, 2020 · Posted January 12, 2020 (edited) For my salute shells and maroons I usually use this mix: 58 Potassium Perchlorate. See full list on sciencemadness. Chlorate Powder- 1 part potassium chlorate or sodium chlorate. Sulfur can be added for increased potential as report composition. I have tired ratios of KNO3/Al, 7/3, 50/50, 3/2, and 2/3. 5 part. It's a 3:1 mixture of Potassium Chlorate:Charcoal. jx bv zw sx kg mz fj ii nj ba